File Permissions in Linux¶
The concept of permissions and ownership is crucial in Linux. On a Linux system, each file and directory is assigned access rights for the owner of the file, the members of a group of related users, and everybody else.
Ownership Types¶
- Owner: The Owner permissions apply only to the owner of the file or directory.
- Group: The Group permissions apply only to the group that has been assigned to the file or directory.
-
Other Users: The other users’ permissions apply to all other users on the system that are not the owner, nor part of the group.
Directory Permissions in Linux¶
| Permissions | Numeric Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
---------- |
0000 |
No permissions |
-rwx------ |
0700 |
Read, write, & execute only for owner |
-rwxrwx--- |
0770 |
Read, write, & execute for owner and group |
-rwxrwxrwx |
0777 |
Read, write, & execute for owner, group, and others |
---x--x--x |
0111 |
Execute only |
--w--w--w- |
0222 |
Write only |
--wx-wx-wx |
0333 |
Write & execute |
-r--r--r-- |
0444 |
Read only |
-r-xr-xr-x |
0555 |
Read & execute |
-rw-rw-rw- |
0666 |
Read & write |
-rwxr----- |
0740 |
Owner can read, write, & execute; group can only read; others have no permissions |
